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Ukraine's former president Viktor Yanukovych has said he accepts some responsibility for the killings that led to his overthrow in February 2014.
"I don't deny my responsibility," he told BBC Newsnight, when asked about the shooting of demonstrators in Kiev's Maidan Square.
He never ordered the security forces to open fire, he said, but admitted he had not done enough to prevent bloodshed.
It is his first Western media interview since the civil war erupted last year.
"I did not give any orders [to use firearms], that was not my authority… I was against any use of force, let alone the use of firearms, I was against bloodshed.
"But the members of the security forces fulfilled their duties according to existing laws. They had the right to use weapons," he said.
More than 100 protesters died in the clashes on Kiev's central square, where huge crowds had confronted police for months.
A year after the bloodshed some witnesses told the BBC that fatal shots had also been fired at the police.
In February 2014 Mr Yanukovych was whisked away by Russian special forces to a safe haven in Russia.
Crimea 'tragedy'
Within weeks Russian troops in unmarked camouflage took over Ukrainian bases in Crimea. Then in April pro-Russian rebels stormed government buildings in the heavily industrial Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, triggering civil war.
Mr Yanukovych told the BBC that the war was a "nightmare" that had become a reality.
Russia's annexation of Crimea was a "tragedy", which would not have happened on his watch, he said.
"What happened there was very bad. And we need, today, to find a way out of this situation... Now there is war. They talk about getting Crimea back. How? By war? Do we need another war?"
He denied allegations that he had embezzled funds from the Ukrainian state and was hiding money in foreign bank accounts.
His opulent residence outside Kiev, thrown open to public gaze by protesters after he fled, did not belong to him personally, he said.
Receipts detailing millions of dollars spent on the complex were, he said, "political technology" and spin. The ostriches in the residence's petting zoo, he maintained, "just happened to be there".
"Yes, there was corruption, no one denies that. But a year and a half has passed, those in power have all the means at their disposal. Show us, where are the bank accounts of Yanukovych? They don't exist and never have done."
Interpol placed him on a wanted list in January this year, as Ukrainian officials accuse him of embezzling millions of dollars.
Viktor Yanukovych
- July 1950 - born the son of a poor metalworker and nurse in eastern town of Yenakiyeve
- Jailed twice for violent crimes in his youth
- 1970s - transport manager in Donetsk region in communist era
- 1997 - appointed Donetsk governor
- 2002 - appointed prime minister of independent Ukraine
- 2004 - elected president but ousted in Orange Revolution, as his election declared fraudulent
- 2006-2007 - serves as prime minister
- 2010 - wins presidential election fairly
- February 2014 - flees Kiev amid huge anti-government protests
Source: bbc Photo: During interview with Viktor Yanukovych